ASME與非ASME泄壓閥：有什么區(qū)別？
泄壓閥 (PRV) 是一種用于控制或限制系統(tǒng)壓力的安全閥；否則壓力可能會(huì)累積并導(dǎo)致過程混亂、儀器或設(shè)備故障。通過允許加壓流體從輔助通道流出系統(tǒng)來釋放壓力。安全閥設(shè)計(jì)或設(shè)置為在預(yù)定的設(shè)定壓力下打開，以保護(hù)壓力容器和其他設(shè)備免受超過其設(shè)計(jì)極限的壓力。當(dāng)超過設(shè)定壓力時(shí)，安全閥成為“阻力更小的路徑”，因?yàn)殚y門被強(qiáng)制打開，部分流體或氣體通過輔助路徑轉(zhuǎn)移。轉(zhuǎn)移的工藝介質(zhì)通常通過管道系統(tǒng)輸送或排放到大氣中。
A pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure. The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage out of the system. The relief valve is designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure to protect pressure vessels and other equipment from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits. When the set pressure is exceeded, the relief valve becomes the “path of least resistance” as the valve is forced open and a portion of the fluid or gas is diverted through the auxiliary route. The diverted process media is usually routed through a piping system or vented to the atmosphere.
大多數(shù)工業(yè)應(yīng)用中使用的安全閥的泄壓能力基于超出開啟壓力的過壓百分比。泄壓能力分別為閥門開啟壓力的 10%、25% 和 50%。這些百分比使工程師能夠了解閥門在這些常見間隔下的流量特性。大多數(shù)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)為讓安全閥在閥門開啟壓力的 10% 時(shí)釋放超壓，而其他應(yīng)用則允許在達(dá)到釋放超壓所需的流量之前積累高達(dá) 50% 的超壓。隨著壓力的增加，泄壓也會(huì)增加，泄壓可以是漸進(jìn)的或即時(shí)的，具體取決于密封件和設(shè)定壓力。當(dāng)設(shè)置較低的開啟壓力（例如 25 psi）并使用丁腈橡膠 (Buna N) 和氟橡膠 (Viton) 等軟密封件時(shí)，它們往往會(huì)逐漸緩解系統(tǒng)中的過壓。然而，可以設(shè)置更高的壓力安全閥，往往會(huì)快速“彈出”并立即釋放多余的壓力。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非編碼安全閥可滿足大多數(shù)應(yīng)用的需要。
Most relief valves used in industrial applications base their relieving capacity on a percentage of overpressure beyond that of the cracking pressure. The relieving capabilities are shown at 10%, 25% and 50% over the valves cracking pressure. These percentages allow the engineer to understand the flow characteristics of the valve at these common intervals. Most applications are designed to have the relief valve relieve overpressure at 10% of the valves cracking pressure, while other applications can allow up to 50% of overpressure to accumulate before it meets the required flow to relieve overpressure. As pressure increases so does the relieving capacity which can either be gradual or instant depending on the seal and set pressure. When set to a lower cracking pressure such as 25 psi with soft seals, such as Buna N and Viton, they tend to gradually relieve the overpressure in a system. However, the series relief valve, which can be set to higher pressures, tend to quickly “pop off” and relieve excess pressure instantly. Standard noncoded relief valves serve their purpose for most of the applications out there.
當(dāng)應(yīng)用涉及鍋爐或壓力容器時(shí)，重要的單一安全裝置是泄壓閥 (PRV)。泄壓閥是防止超壓條件和災(zāi)難性爆炸的唯一手段。在大多數(shù)國(guó)家/地區(qū)，法律要求各行業(yè)使用安全閥來保護(hù)壓力容器和其他設(shè)備。此外，在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（例如美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì) (ASME)發(fā)布的第VIII節(jié)《鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范》）規(guī)定了鍋爐和壓力容器的安全法規(guī)。
When the application involves boilers or pressure vessels, the most important single safety device is the pressure relief valve (PRV). The pressure relief valve is all that stands between overpressure conditions and catastrophic explosions. In most countries, industries are legally required to protect pressure vessels and other equipment by using relief valves. Also, in most countries, equipment design codes such as those provided by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) published section VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code establishes safety regulations for boilers and pressure vessels.
美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì)郵票和協(xié)會(huì)徽標(biāo)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers stamp and association logo
第VIII部分給出了燃燒和非燃燒壓力容器的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、測(cè)試和認(rèn)證的詳細(xì)要求。它特指那些在內(nèi)部或外部壓力超過 15 psig 的情況下工作的壓力容器。帶有 ASME 印記的閥門必須在不超過 10% 的超壓下實(shí)現(xiàn)大的恒定流量，才能達(dá)到 ASME 評(píng)級(jí)，從而確保對(duì)壓力容器和下游設(shè)備的保護(hù)。安全第一！在 ASME 應(yīng)用中，ASME 編碼閥門是無可替代的。盡管許多閥門看起來與未編碼的閥門相似，但檢查人員可以輕松發(fā)現(xiàn)未編碼的閥門，并可以立即關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)，直到安裝正確的閥門。
The VIII section gives detailed requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and certification for both fired and unfired pressure vessels. It specifically refers to those pressure vessels that operate at pressures, either internal or external, that exceed 15 psig. Valves marked with the ASME stamp MUST achieve a large constant flow rate at no more than 10% overpressure to be ASME rated which ensures the protection of the pressure vessel and downstream equipment. Safety is the number one priority! There is no substitute for an ASME coded valve in an ASME application. Though many of these valves look like their non-coded counterparts, inspectors can easily spot a non-coded valve and can immediately shut down the system until the correct valve is installed.
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