變頻器介紹（中英文）
什么是變頻器？
What is a frequency inverter?
變頻器是一種電子設(shè)備，可以控制交流電機(jī)的速度。背景：如果電動(dòng)機(jī)或交流電動(dòng)機(jī)直接由交流電壓供電系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行，則它們只能根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)毓╇娤到y(tǒng)的極數(shù)和供電頻率使用固定速度。但是，如果應(yīng)用或生產(chǎn)過(guò)程需要可調(diào)節(jié)的交流電壓（即可控速度），則使用變頻器。這些變頻器可以從恒定交流電壓生成幅度（輸出電壓電平）和頻率可變的交流電壓。
Frequency inverters are electronic devices that let you control the speed of an AC motor. Background: If electric motors or AC motors are operated directly from an AC voltage supply system, they can only avail of a fixed speed based on the number of poles and the supply frequency of the power supply system on location. If, however, an application or production process requires an adjustable AC voltage (that is, a controllable speed), frequency inverters are used. These frequency inverters can generate an AC voltage that is variable in amplitude (the output voltage level) and frequency from a constant AC voltage.
變頻器是如何工作的？
How does a frequency inverter work?
變頻器連接在電機(jī)的上游，以產(chǎn)生可根據(jù)客戶要求進(jìn)行調(diào)整的交流電壓。然后電源系統(tǒng)不再負(fù)責(zé)電機(jī)運(yùn)行的頻率和電壓水平。相反，變頻器接管了這項(xiàng)任務(wù)并控制輸出頻率和輸出電壓。
變頻器的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？可以使用它無(wú)縫地將電機(jī)速度從幾乎為零的速度更改為所需的標(biāo)稱速度，并獲得更大的速度范圍。電機(jī)的扭矩保持不變。因此，工廠運(yùn)營(yíng)商可以隨時(shí)調(diào)整他們的驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)以適應(yīng)他們需要的條件。變頻器還允許直接切換旋轉(zhuǎn)方向。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的控制命令就足以改變相序。下游的交流電機(jī)然后以相反的方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
A frequency inverter is therefore connected upstream of a motor to generate an AC voltage that can be adjusted to meet customer requirements. The power supply system then no longer generates the frequency and voltage level with which the motor operates. Instead, the frequency inverter takes over this task and controls the output frequency and output voltage.
What is the major advantage of the frequency inverter? You can use it to seamlessly change the speed of a motor from practically zero to your required nominal speed and have access to a significantly greater speed range. The torque of the motor remains unchanged. Plant operators can therefore adapt their drive technology to the conditions they require at any time. A frequency inverter also allows you to directly switch the direction of rotation. A simple control command is sufficient to change the phase sequence. The downstream AC motor then turns in the opposite direction.
有哪些類型的變頻器可用？
What types of frequency inverter are available?
有兩種不同類型的逆變器：電流控制型和電壓控制型。它們的功能區(qū)別如下：
? 電流控制變頻器始終將電流頻率比 (I/f) 保持在恒定水平，適用于高兆瓦級(jí)應(yīng)用。
? 相反，在較低的兆瓦或千瓦范圍內(nèi)，壓控變頻器代表了最新的最先進(jìn)技術(shù)。它們始終將電壓與頻率的比率保持在恒定水平：因此，如果設(shè)計(jì)用于 230 V 電壓和 50 Hz 頻率的電機(jī)以 25 Hz 運(yùn)行，則電壓也減半至 115 V .
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，以下情況適用于壓控變頻器： 整流器將供電系統(tǒng)提供的交流電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為直流電壓。然后直流鏈路承擔(dān)平滑和穩(wěn)定該直流電壓的任務(wù)。隨后，電機(jī)側(cè)運(yùn)行的 DC-AC 逆變器產(chǎn)生具有應(yīng)用所需輸出頻率的交流電壓。由此產(chǎn)生的電壓頻率比會(huì)產(chǎn)生所需的電機(jī)速度。將所有組件相互連接的集成控制器指定或計(jì)算所需的速度。
There are two different types of inverter: current-controlled and voltage-controlled. Their functions differ as follows:
? Current-controlled frequency inverters maintain the ratio of current to frequency (I/f) at a constant level at all times and are suitable for use in applications in the high megawatt range.
? In the lower megawatt or kilowatt range, in contrast, voltage-controlled frequency inverters represent the latest state-of-the-art technology. They maintain the ratio of voltage to frequency at a constant level at all times: If, therefore, a motor that is designed for a voltage of 230 V and frequency of 50 Hz is operated with 25 Hz, the voltage is also halved to 115 V.
In simple terms, the following cases are suitable for voltage-controlled frequency inverters: A rectifier converts the AC voltage supplied from the supply system into DC voltage. A DC link then takes on the task of smoothing and stabilizing this DC voltage. Subsequently, the operative DC-AC inverter on the motor side generates an AC voltage with the output frequency required by the application. The resulting voltage-to-frequency ratio then produces the required motor speed. An integrated controller that connects all of the assemblies to each other specifies or calculates the required speed.
變頻器用在什么地方？
Where are frequency inverters used?
變頻器用于各種各樣的工業(yè)部門和應(yīng)用。無(wú)論是泵和風(fēng)扇、加工機(jī)器、傳送帶和裝配線的驅(qū)動(dòng)器，還是起重機(jī)和搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)：變頻器現(xiàn)在在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中都是不可或缺的。在該領(lǐng)域，自適應(yīng)或無(wú)級(jí)變速可優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)流程——此外，帶速度控制的驅(qū)動(dòng)器還可確保節(jié)能運(yùn)行。
Frequency inverters are used in a huge variety of industrial sectors and applications. Whether in drives for pumps and fans, processing machines, conveyor belts and assembly lines, or cranes and handling systems: Frequency inverters are now indispensable in industrial production. In that sector, an adapted or infinitely variable speed allows for optimized production processes – alongside the additional benefit that drives with speed control ensure energy-efficient operation.
適用于各種設(shè)備和機(jī)器的變頻器
Frequency inverters for every kind of plant and machine
變頻器有不同的設(shè)計(jì)，并具有大量可選功能，可滿足多種需求和要求。另一個(gè)決定性的問(wèn)題是，變頻器是安裝在墻上、控制柜中受保護(hù)的中央位置，還是直接安裝在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（即分散位置）。并且根據(jù)相關(guān)應(yīng)用的簡(jiǎn)單程度或復(fù)雜程度，越來(lái)越多的基礎(chǔ)變頻器或應(yīng)用變頻器、功能范圍廣泛的變頻器或多軸伺服變頻器正在投入使用。
The frequency inverters are available in different designs and with a large number of optional functions that cater to many needs and requirements. Another decisive issue is whether a frequency inverter is to be positioned on the wall, in a central and protected position in a control cabinet, or directly in the field (that is, a decentralized location). And depending on how simple or ambitious the application in question is, more and more basic frequency inverters, or application inverters, with a large scope of functions or multi-axis servo inverters are being put to use.
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