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過程排放分析中波紋管泵的應(yīng)用（中英文）

可靠的氣體分析和快速響應(yīng)時間通常需要使用采樣泵。在市場上可用的類型中，波紋管泵原理特別耐用且維護(hù)成本低。選擇型號的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要取決于它是防爆還是安全區(qū)域應(yīng)用以及所需的流量。帶有集成不銹鋼旁通閥的特殊版本還可以簡化管道。

還有一些氣體分析應(yīng)用不需要采樣泵，即如果過程中存在足夠高的過壓，并且分析儀可以安裝在非?？拷ぷ鞯奈恢?。在所有其他情況下，作為分析系統(tǒng)一部分的采樣泵是精確測量的先決條件，特別是在需要較短響應(yīng)時間的情況下。當(dāng)談到超壓時，這聽起來微不足道：如果沒有超壓，就沒有氣體流向分析儀。這通常需要供應(yīng)約 60 l/h 的樣氣。在許多超壓應(yīng)用中，仍然需要泵在足夠短的時間內(nèi)將樣氣從氣體采樣點輸送到分析柜。超過 50 m 的線路長度在這里并不罕見。因此，如果待分析的氣體沒有以足夠的體積流量經(jīng)由泵輸送到分析儀，則可能會延遲很長的時間到達(dá)分析儀。

Reliable gas analysis with fast response times often requires a sample gas pump. Among the designs available on the market, the bellows pump principle is particularly durable and low maintenance. Criteria for choosing a model focuses heavily on whether it is an Ex or safe area application and the desired flow rate. Special versions with an integrated stainless steel bypass valve will also ensure an easier tube installation.

There are also gas analysis applications in which a sample gas pump is not necessary - namely if there is a sufficiently high overpressure in the process and the analyzer can be installed very close to the process. In all other cases, a sample gas pump as part of the analysis system is a prerequisite for accurate measurement, especially if short response times are required. When it comes to overpressure, this sounds trivial: without overpressure, there is no gas flow to the analyzer. The analyzer usually only needs a supply of around 60 l/h of sample gas. However, for many overpressure applications, a pump is required that transports the sample gas from the gas extraction point to the analysis cabinet in a sufficiently short time. Pipe lengths of over 50 m are not uncommon here. The gas to be analyzed may therefore reach the analyzer with a significant delay if it is not pumped there with sufficient volume flow.

最短響應(yīng)時間

Minimal response times

在許多過程壓力不足的應(yīng)用中，流量為 400 Nl/h 的采樣泵可確保響應(yīng)時間短且過程易于調(diào)節(jié)。高流速意味著即使電纜長度較長也可以實現(xiàn)較短的響應(yīng)時間，例如安全相關(guān)過程測量或排放測量所需的電纜長度。

選擇泵時的第二個重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。如果泵安裝在安全區(qū)域并且還泵送非爆炸性氣體，則可供選擇的型號非常多。在潛在爆炸區(qū)域中的應(yīng)用存在限制。特殊型號也適用于泵送易燃?xì)怏w，但不得安裝在危險區(qū)域。對于一些有機(jī)會將泵安裝在安全區(qū)域的用戶來說，這里有節(jié)省成本的潛力。

Measuring gas pumps with flow rates of 400 Nl/h ensure that the response time is short in numerous applications with insufficient process pressure, so that the process can be easily controlled. The high flow rates mean that short response times can be achieved even with long line lengths, such as those required for safety-relevant process measurements or emission measurements.

The second important criterion when selecting a pump is the area of application. If the pump is installed in a safe area and also pumps non-explosive gas, the selection of available models is very large. There are restrictions for applications in potentially explosive areas. Special variants are also suitable for pumping flammable gases, but must not be installed in the Ex area. This offers potential savings for some users who have the option of installing the pump in a safe area.

冷凝水：隔膜的敵人

Condensate: the enemy of the membrane

對于隔膜泵，始終存在冷凝水溶解所用粘合劑的風(fēng)險，這意味著需要進(jìn)行維護(hù)。另一方面，一體式 PTFE 波紋管面對面連接到泵頭，無需額外的密封件。如果預(yù)計會形成冷凝水，則泵在出廠時可以轉(zhuǎn)動泵頭。如果在分析操作期間證明有必要，耐用的設(shè)計還允許客戶只需幾步即可自行轉(zhuǎn)動泵頭。然后氣體連接指向下方；冷凝水可以毫無問題地去除——重力有幫助。

With diaphragm pumps there is always the risk that condensate will dissolve the adhesive used, making maintenance necessary. The PTFE bellows, on the other hand, is made from a single piece and is connected to the pump head face to face without an additional seal. If condensate formation is to be expected, the pump can be delivered from the factory with the head rotated. The durable design also allows the customer to rotate the pump head themselves in just a few steps if it proves necessary during analysis. The gas connections then point downwards; condensate can be easily drained away - gravity helps.

旁通閥由 PTFE 或不銹鋼制成

Bypass valve made of PTFE or stainless steel

許多泵型號都可以配備集成旁通閥。當(dāng)設(shè)計分析測量點時，可以省去外部旁路。到目前為止，這些旁通閥都是由 PTFE 制成的，這是首選的變體，特別是對于腐蝕性氣體，可以防止腐蝕。 400 Nl/h 和 800 Nl/h 輸送能力的泵型號的一項創(chuàng)新是不銹鋼旁通閥的設(shè)計，僅適用于輕微腐蝕性氣體。經(jīng)驗表明，當(dāng)使用 PTFE 變體進(jìn)行管道輸送時，經(jīng)過一段時間并反復(fù)擰緊軟 PTFE 中的不銹鋼螺釘連接后會發(fā)生泄漏。使用帶有不銹鋼旁通閥的泵體可以避免這種情況。

適當(dāng)?shù)木S護(hù)當(dāng)然是必要的，但對于波紋管泵來說，維護(hù)工作基本上減少到波紋管和泵閥上。必須定期檢查它們，必要時進(jìn)行更換。指定間隔的維護(hù)計劃對 Atex 泵具有約束力。為了安全應(yīng)用，維護(hù)間隔在很大程度上取決于相應(yīng)的工藝和環(huán)境條件以及氣體成分。通常，應(yīng)在大約 4,000 個運行小時后或每六個月檢查一次波紋管。對于所有泵，客戶只需幾個簡單的步驟即可自行更換所有易損件。更換任何旁通閥的波紋管、入口閥和出口閥以及 O 形圈既快速又簡單。如有必要，柱塞和帶有滾珠軸承的偏心輪（即所謂的曲柄傳動裝置）可作為一個完整的組件完全更換。這意味著泵可以運行很多年；僅具有防爆認(rèn)證的版本必須由制造商在幾年后根據(jù)維護(hù)計劃進(jìn)行檢查。

Many of the pump models can be equipped with an integrated bypass valve. When designing the analysis measuring point, an external bypass can then be dispensed with. Until now, these bypass valves were available made of PTFE - a variant that is the first choice, especially for aggressive gases, to prevent corrosion. An innovation in the pump models with 400 Nl/h and 800 Nl/h flow rate is the design of the bypass valve made of stainless steel, which is only suitable for less corrosive gases. Experience shows that when piping the PTFE variant, leaks develop in the soft PTFE after some time and after tightening the stainless steel screw connections several times. This can be avoided with the pump body with a stainless steel bypass valve.

Of course, proper maintenance is essential for this, but with bellows pumps this is essentially reduced to the bellows and the pump valves. They must be checked regularly and replaced if necessary. The maintenance plan with the specified intervals is mandatory for Atex pumps. For safe applications, the maintenance intervals depend heavily on the respective process and ambient conditions as well as the gas composition. Typically, the bellows should be checked after around 4,000 operating hours or every six months. The customer can replace all wearing parts in all pumps themselves in just a few steps. Changing the bellows, inlet and outlet valves and the O-ring of any bypass valve is easy and quick. If necessary, the tappet and eccentric with ball bearing - the so-called crank drive - are completely replaced as a complete assembly. This means that the pump can be operated for many years; only the versions with Ex approval have to be checked by the manufacturer after a few years in accordance with the maintenance plan.