火焰探測(cè)器及幾種探測(cè)器類型
什么是火焰探測(cè)器？
火焰檢測(cè)器是一種可以檢測(cè)并響應(yīng)火焰存在的傳感器。這些探測(cè)器能夠識(shí)別無煙液體和可能產(chǎn)生明火的煙霧。例如，在鍋爐爐膛中，火焰探測(cè)器被廣泛使用，因?yàn)榛鹧嫣綔y(cè)器可以探測(cè)熱量、煙霧和火災(zāi)。這些設(shè)備還可以根據(jù)空氣溫度和空氣運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)火災(zāi)?；鹧嫣綔y(cè)器使用紫外線 (UV) 或紅外線 (IR) 技術(shù)來識(shí)別火焰，這意味著它們可以在不到一秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)出火焰警報(bào)。火焰探測(cè)器將根據(jù)其安裝對(duì)火焰的探測(cè)做出響應(yīng)，例如它可以發(fā)出警報(bào)、關(guān)閉燃料管線，甚至啟動(dòng)滅火系統(tǒng)。
What is a Flame Detector?
A flame detector is a type of sensor that can detect and respond to the presence of a flame. These detectors have the ability to identify smokeless liquid and smoke that can create open fire. For example, in boiler furnaces flame detectors are widely used, as a flame detector can detect heat, smoke, and fire. These devices can also detect fire according to the air temperature and air movement. The flame detectors use Ultraviolet (UV) or Infra-Red (IR) technology to identify flames meaning they can alert to flames in less than a second. The flame detector would respond to the detection of a flame according to its installation, it could for example sound an alarm, deactivate the fuel line, or even activate a fire suppression system.
你會(huì)在哪里找到這些探測(cè)器？
? 工業(yè)倉庫
? 化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)廠
? 化學(xué)品商店
? 汽油儲(chǔ)存和泵站
? 弧焊車間
? 發(fā)電廠
? 變電站
? 地下隧道
? 電機(jī)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)
? 木材商店
Where would you find these Detectors?
? Industrial warehouses
? Chemical production plants
? Chemical stores
? Petrol storage and pump stations
? Arc welding workshops
? Power plants
? Transformer stations
? Underground tunnels
? Motor testbeds
? Wood stores
火焰監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的組成部分是什么？它是否有效？
火焰探測(cè)器系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分是探測(cè)器本身。它由光電檢測(cè)電路、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、微處理器系統(tǒng)、I/O電路和風(fēng)冷系統(tǒng)組成?；鹧嫣綔y(cè)器中的傳感器檢測(cè)火焰發(fā)出的輻射，光電將火焰的輻射強(qiáng)度信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的電壓信號(hào)，該信號(hào)在單片機(jī)中進(jìn)行處理，轉(zhuǎn)換成所需的輸出。
What are the Components of a Flame Monitoring System and does it work?
The major component of a flame detector system is the detector itself. It comprises of photoelectric detective circuits, signal conditioning circuits, microprocessor systems, I/O circuits, and wind cooling systems. The sensors in the flame detector will detect the radiation that is sent by the flame, the photoelectric converts the radiant intensity signal of the flame to a relevant voltage signal and this signal would be processed in a single chip microcomputer and converted into a desired output.
火焰探測(cè)器有多少種類型，它們是如何工作的？
How many types of Flame Detectors are there and how do they work?
有 5 種不同類型的火焰探測(cè)器：紫外線、紅外線以及它們組合的紫外線-紅外線、多光譜紅外、視覺火焰成像。
There are 5 different types of flame detector: Ultra-Violet, Infra-Red and a combination of them both Ultra-Violet-Infra-Red ,Multi-Spectrum Infrared ,Visual Flame Imaging.
紫外線 (UV)
這種類型的火焰探測(cè)器通過檢測(cè)點(diǎn)火點(diǎn)處的紫外線輻射來工作。幾乎所有的火災(zāi)都會(huì)發(fā)出紫外線輻射，因此在發(fā)生火焰的情況下，傳感器會(huì)意識(shí)到它并產(chǎn)生一系列脈沖，這些脈沖由探測(cè)器電子設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)換為警報(bào)輸出。
紫外檢測(cè)器有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)。紫外檢測(cè)器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括高速響應(yīng)、對(duì)碳?xì)浠衔?、氫氣和金屬火?zāi)的響應(yīng)能力。另一方面，紫外線探測(cè)器的缺點(diǎn)包括對(duì)遠(yuǎn)距離的焊接有反應(yīng)，而且它們還可能對(duì)閃電、火花等有反應(yīng)。
Ultra-Violet (UV)
This type of flame detector works by detecting the UV radiation at the point of ignition. Almost entirely all fires emit UV radiations, so in case of the flame, the sensor would become aware of it and produce a series of the pulses that are converted by detector electronics into an alarm output.
There are advantages and disadvantages of a UV detector. Advantages of UV detector include High-speed response, the ability to respond to hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and metal fires. On the other hand, the disadvantages of UV detectors include responding to welding at long range, and they may also respond to lightning, sparks, etc.
紅外線 (IR)
紅外火焰探測(cè)器的工作原理是檢查紅外光譜帶中是否存在熱氣體釋放的某些裝飾物。然而，這種類型的設(shè)備需要火焰的閃爍運(yùn)動(dòng)。紅外輻射不僅可能由火焰發(fā)出，還可能由烤箱、燈等發(fā)出，因此誤報(bào)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高
Infra-Red (IR)
The infra-red flame detector works by checking the infrared spectral band for certain ornamentation that hot gases release. However, this type of device requires a flickering motion of the flame. The IR radiation may not only be emitted by flames, but may also be radiated from ovens, lamps, etc. Therefore, there is a higher risk for a false alarm
紫外-紅外
這種類型的探測(cè)器能夠同時(shí)檢測(cè)紫外和紅外輻射，因此它同時(shí)具有紫外和紅外傳感器。兩個(gè)傳感器單獨(dú)操作與所描述的相同，但由于存在兩個(gè)傳感器，因此存在兩個(gè)電路處理信號(hào)的補(bǔ)充。因此，組合檢測(cè)器比單獨(dú)的紫外或紅外檢測(cè)器具有更好的誤報(bào)抑制能力。
雖然紫外/紅外火焰探測(cè)器各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括高速響應(yīng)和不受誤報(bào)的影響。另一方面，紫外/紅外火焰探測(cè)器的缺點(diǎn)包括它不能用于非碳火災(zāi)以及只能檢測(cè)到不能單獨(dú)發(fā)射紫外/紅外輻射的火災(zāi)。
UV-IR
This type of detector is capable to detect both the UV and IR radiations, so it possesses both the UV and IR sensor. The two sensors individually operate the same as those described, but supplementary both circuitry processes signals are present due to there being both sensors. Consequently, the combined detector has better false alarm rejection capability than the individual UV or IR detector.
Although there are advantages and disadvantages of UV/IR flame detector. Advantages include High-speed response and are immune to the false alarm. On the other hand, the disadvantages of UV/IR flame detector include the issue that it cannot be used for non-carbon fires as well as only being able to detect fires that emits both the UV/IR radiation not individually.
多光譜紅外 (MSIR)
多光譜紅外 (MSIR) 火焰探測(cè)器使用許多紅外波長來進(jìn)一步區(qū)分產(chǎn)生火焰的輻射和不產(chǎn)生火焰的輻射源。它們能夠在室內(nèi)和室外最遠(yuǎn) 200 英尺的距離內(nèi)快速響應(yīng)火災(zāi)。
MSIR 火焰探測(cè)器即使在煙霧最濃的火災(zāi)中也能夠探測(cè)到火焰，并且它們不太可能因周圍環(huán)境中的照明、陽光或其他熱物體而導(dǎo)致誤報(bào)。
Multi-Spectrum Infrared (MSIR)
Multi-spectrum infrared (MSIR) flame detectors use many infrared wavelengths to further distinguish flame-producing radiation from non-flame-production radiation sources. They’re capable of responding quickly to fires within a distance of up to 200 feet, both indoors and outdoors.
MSIR flame detectors are also capable of detecting flames even amidst the smokiest of fires, and they’re not likely to cause false alarms due to lighting, sunlight, or other hot objects in the surrounding environment.
視覺火焰成像
視覺火焰成像火焰探測(cè)器使用電荷耦合器件 (CCD) 圖像傳感器來識(shí)別火災(zāi)的存在。這些傳感器處理來自 CCD 的實(shí)時(shí)視頻，以分析可能的火源的形狀和增長，這有助于它們區(qū)分它是否是真正的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)。
這種類型的火焰探測(cè)器的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不依賴二氧化碳或其他燃燒產(chǎn)物的排放來探測(cè)火災(zāi)。但一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是它們無法檢測(cè)人眼看不見的火焰，例如氫火焰。
Visual Flame Imaging
Visual flame imaging flame detectors use charged couple device (CCD) image sensors to identify the presence of a fire. These sensors process the live video from the CCD to analyze possible fire sources’ shapes and growth, which helps them distinguish whether or not it’s an actual fire hazard.
One advantage of this type of flame detector is that it doesn’t rely on the emission of carbon dioxide or other combustion products to detect fires. But one disadvantage is that they’re not capable of detecting fires invisible to the human eye, like hydrogen flames.
