關(guān)于球閥 - 相關(guān)認(rèn)證/連接類(lèi)型/外殼材料/工作原理/類(lèi)型等（中英文）
球閥是一種截止裝置，使用帶孔的旋轉(zhuǎn)球來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)液體或氣體的流動(dòng)。通過(guò)將球繞其軸線(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)四分之一圈（90 度），閥門(mén)可以打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉，允許介質(zhì)通過(guò)或阻塞。球閥以其使用壽命長(zhǎng)而聞名，并且在整個(gè)使用過(guò)程中提供可靠的密封，即使長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不使用也是如此。與大多數(shù)其他類(lèi)型的閥門(mén)相比，它們對(duì)受污染介質(zhì)的抵抗力更強(qiáng)。
某些類(lèi)型的球閥也用作控制閥。由于與其他類(lèi)型的控制閥相比，控制流量的精度相對(duì)有限，因此這種用途較少。但是，球閥在這方面有一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。例如，即使介質(zhì)不干凈，它們也能保持可靠的密封。
A ball valve is a shut-off device that regulates the flow of a liquid or gas using a rotating ball with a hole. By turning the ball a quarter turn (90 degrees) around its axis, the valve either opens or closes, allowing the medium to pass through or blocking it. Ball valves are known for their long lifespan and provide dependable sealing throughout their use, even when left unused for extended periods. They are more resistant to contaminated media than most other valve types.
Certain types of ball valves are also employed as control valves. This use is less frequent due to the relatively limited precision in controlling flow rates compared to other control valve types. However, ball valves have some advantages in this regard. For instance, they maintain reliable sealing even when the media is dirty.
球閥工作原理和組件
Ball valve working principle & components
球閥圖：閥桿（A）、O 形圈（B）、殼體（C）、球（D）和閥座（E）
Ball valve diagram: stem (A), o-rings (B), housing (C), ball (D), and seat (E)
了解球閥的五個(gè)主要部件對(duì)于理解球閥的工作原理非常重要。圖中球閥的示意圖顯示了這五個(gè)主要部件。
? 閥桿 (A)：閥桿將執(zhí)行器（例如手柄或執(zhí)行器（電動(dòng)或氣動(dòng)））連接到球。
? O 形環(huán) (B)：閥座上的 O 形環(huán)有助于防止泄漏。
? 外殼 (C)：外殼支撐閥門(mén)的所有內(nèi)部組件，并保護(hù)它們免受應(yīng)用和環(huán)境條件的影響。
? 球 (D)：球具有空心孔，當(dāng)閥門(mén)打開(kāi)時(shí)，流體可以通過(guò)該孔流動(dòng)。
? 閥座 (E)：閥座支撐并密封球組件。
當(dāng)閥桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)四分之一圈時(shí)，孔要么打開(kāi)以允許介質(zhì)流過(guò)，要么關(guān)閉以阻止介質(zhì)流動(dòng)。球閥的電路功能、外殼組裝、球設(shè)計(jì)和操作類(lèi)型都會(huì)影響其操作，下面將對(duì)此進(jìn)行介紹。
與閘閥等相比，球閥更常用作截止閥。
It is important to know the five main ball valve parts to understand the working principle of a ball valve. The diagram of the ball valve in Figure shows these five main components.
? Valve stem (A): The valve stem connects the actuator (e.g., handle or actuator (electric or pneumatic)) to the ball.
? O-rings (B): O-rings on the valve's seat help prevent leakage.
? Housing (C): The housing supports all the valve's inside components and protects them from application and environmental conditions.
? Ball (D): The ball has a hollow bore through which fluid can flow when the valve is opened.
? Seat (E): The seat supports and seals the ball component.
When the valve stem is turned a quarter-turn the bore is either open to the flow allowing media to flow through or closed to prevent media flow. A ball valve's circuit function, housing assembly, ball design, and operation types all impact its operation and are discussed below.
Ball valves are more popular as a shut-off valve than, for example, the gate valve.
回路功能
Circuit function
閥門(mén)可能有兩個(gè)、三個(gè)甚至四個(gè)端口（2 通、3 通或 4 通）。絕大多數(shù)球閥都是 2 通的，用杠桿手動(dòng)操作。閥門(mén)打開(kāi)時(shí)，杠桿與管道成一線(xiàn)。在關(guān)閉位置，手柄垂直于管道。對(duì)于 2 通閥，球閥的流動(dòng)方向只是從輸入到輸出。手動(dòng)操作的球閥可以快速關(guān)閉，因此在快速流動(dòng)的介質(zhì)中存在水擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一些球閥配有傳動(dòng)裝置。3 通閥具有 L 形或 T 形孔，這會(huì)影響回路功能（流動(dòng)方向）。因此，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)各種回路功能，例如分配或混合流量。90 度球閥有兩個(gè)端口，它們以 90 度角定位。
The valve may have two, three or even four ports (2-way, 3-way, or 4-way). The vast majority of ball valves are 2-way and manually operated with a lever. The lever is in line with the pipe when the valve is opened. In the closed position, the handle is perpendicular to the pipe. The ball valve flow direction is simply from the input to the output for a 2-way valve. Manually operated ball valves can be quickly closed and therefore there is a risk of water hammer with fast-flowing media. Some ball valves are fitted with a transmission. The 3-way valves have an L-shaped or T-shaped bore, which affects the circuit function (flow direction). As a result, various circuit functions can be achieved such as distributing or mixing flows. A 90-degree ball valve has two ports that are positioned at a 90-degree angle.
殼體組裝
Housing assembly
閥殼體的組裝可分為三種常用設(shè)計(jì)：?jiǎn)渭健杉胶腿綒んw。不同之處在于閥門(mén)的組裝方式，這會(huì)影響維護(hù)或修理的可能性。每種閥門(mén)的操作方式相同。
? 單件式：這是最便宜的變體。包圍球的兩個(gè)部件是壓制或焊接的。閥門(mén)不能打開(kāi)進(jìn)行清潔或維護(hù)。這種類(lèi)型通常用于要求不高的應(yīng)用。
? 兩件式：兩件式閥門(mén)可以拆卸以進(jìn)行清潔、維修和檢查。通常，零件通過(guò)螺紋連接連接。必須將閥門(mén)從管道中完全移除才能將兩個(gè)零件分開(kāi)。
? 三件式：更昂貴的閥門(mén)通常有三個(gè)零件。零件通常通過(guò)螺栓連接夾在一起。這種實(shí)施例的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是無(wú)需將整個(gè)閥門(mén)從管道中移除即可對(duì)閥門(mén)進(jìn)行維修。
The assembly of the valve housing can be divided into three commonly used designs: one-piece, two-piece, and three-piece housings. The difference is how the valve is assembled and this affects the possibilities for maintenance or repair. The operation of the valves is the same in each embodiment.
? One-piece: This is the cheapest variant. The two parts which enclose the ball are pressed or welded. The valves can not be opened for cleaning or maintenance. This type is generally used for low-demanding applications.
? Two-piece: Two-piece valves can be disassembled for cleaning, servicing, and inspection. Often, the parts are connected via a threaded connection. The valve must be completely removed from the pipe in order to separate the two parts.
? Three-piece: More expensive valves often have three pieces. The parts are generally clamped together by bolt connections. The advantage of this embodiment is that the valve can be serviced without removing the entire valve from the pipeline.
鍛造球閥
Forged ball valves
鍛造球閥是通過(guò)在合金和金屬仍處于固態(tài)時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行塑形而制成的。金屬和合金通過(guò)加熱或使用工業(yè)尺寸的工具彎曲，這些工具會(huì)施加壓縮力來(lái)彎曲材料。鍛造球閥更適合需要高溫、高壓和其他惡劣條件的工業(yè)應(yīng)用。黃銅和不銹鋼等材料可用于制造鍛造球閥。在制造過(guò)程中，使用模鍛機(jī)根據(jù)球閥設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)金屬（或合金）進(jìn)行加熱、壓縮、彎曲和塑形。
模具有助于將金屬模制成特定形狀，而機(jī)器則施加足夠的壓力，迫使金屬進(jìn)入合適的形狀。對(duì)于尺寸較大的球閥，需要將不同的組件焊接在一起。還可以根據(jù)特定需求在閥門(mén)上涂上專(zhuān)門(mén)的涂層。
Forged ball valves are created by shaping the alloys and metals while they are still in their solid form. The metals and alloys are bent by heating or with industrial-sized tools that deliver compressive forces to bend the materials. Forged ball valves are better suited for industrial applications that require high temperatures, pressures, and other severe conditions. Materials like brass and stainless steel can be used to construct forged ball valves. During the manufacturing process, the metal (or alloy) is heated, compressed, bent, and shaped according to the ball valve design using a die forging machine.
The die helps mold the metal into a specific shape, while the machine applies sufficient pressure that forces the metal to get into the apt shape. For ball valves that are sized bigger, it is necessary to weld different components together. The valves can also be coated with specialized coatings based on specific needs.
鍛造球閥的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
Forged ball valve benefits
? 鍛造球閥堅(jiān)固耐用，可用于高溫高壓等特別苛刻的情況。
? 鍛造工藝降低了球閥對(duì)孔隙度、開(kāi)裂和收縮等問(wèn)題的敏感性。
? 鍛造球閥可以非?？焖俚剡m應(yīng)溫度變化；因此，這些閥門(mén)適合在多種環(huán)境中運(yùn)行。
? 維護(hù)需求低。
? Forged ball valves are strong and durable and can be used in particularly demanding situations that involve high temperatures and pressures.
? The forging process reduces the ball valve’s susceptibility to issues like porosity, cracking, and shrinkage.
? Forged ball valves can adapt to temperature changes very quickly; therefore, these valves are suitable for operation in multiple environments.
? Low maintenance needs.
球閥設(shè)計(jì)
Ball design
最常見(jiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)是“浮動(dòng)球閥設(shè)計(jì)”。球閥懸浮在介質(zhì)中，并由兩個(gè)密封圈固定。一些高質(zhì)量的閥門(mén)采用耳軸球閥設(shè)計(jì)。球閥的頂部和底部均有支撐，以減輕閥座上的負(fù)載。
? 浮動(dòng)：大多數(shù)球閥都有浮動(dòng)球閥。球閥由閥座支撐。
? 耳軸：直徑大、工作壓力高的閥門(mén)（例如 DN > 100 毫米和 30 巴）通常在其設(shè)計(jì)中采用球閥支撐。具體而言，球閥的底部和頂部均有支撐，以減輕閥座上的負(fù)載。耳軸閥的操作扭矩通常較低。
穿過(guò)球閥的孔可能具有不同的輪廓，例如全孔、縮徑或 V 形。
? 縮徑：大多數(shù)球閥的孔徑都縮徑。因此，閥門(mén)會(huì)在系統(tǒng)中引入摩擦損失。與其他類(lèi)型的閥門(mén)相比，這些損失仍然相對(duì)較小。一體式球閥幾乎總是縮徑的。
? 全徑：全徑閥門(mén)的內(nèi)徑與管道相同。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是沒(méi)有額外的摩擦損失，并且系統(tǒng)在機(jī)械上更容易清潔（清管）。缺點(diǎn)是球和殼體比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)縮徑四分之一轉(zhuǎn)閥更大。因此成本略高，并且對(duì)于許多應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是必需的。它們也稱(chēng)為全通徑球閥。
? V 形：球或閥座上的孔具有“V”形輪廓。因此，可以通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)球更精確地控制所需的流量。通過(guò)優(yōu)化輪廓，可以接近線(xiàn)性流動(dòng)特性。
The most common design is the "floating ball design." The ball is suspended in the media and held in place by two sealing rings. Some high-quality valves have a trunnion ball design. The ball is supported at the top and bottom to reduce the load on the valve seats.
? Floating: The majority of ball valves have a floating ball. The ball is supported by the valve seats.
? Trunnion: Valves with large diameters and high operating pressures (for example DN > 100 mm and 30 bar), often incorporate ball valve support in their design. Specifically, the ball is supported on the bottom and top to reduce the load on the seat rings. The operating torque is generally lower for trunnion valves.
The hole through the ball may have different profiles such as a full bore, reduced bore or V-shaped.
? Reduced bore: Most ball valves have a reduced bore. As a result, the valve introduces friction losses in the system. These losses are still relatively small compared to other types of valves. One-piece ball valves are almost always reduced bore.
? Full bore: Full bore valves have the same bore diameter as the pipe. The advantage is that there are no extra friction losses and that the system is mechanically easier to clean (pigging). The downside is that the ball and the housing are bigger than a standard reduced bore quarter-turn valve. The cost is therefore slightly higher, and for many applications, this is not required. They are also called full port ball valves.
? V-shaped: The hole in the ball or the valve seat has a 'V' shaped profile. As a result, the desired flow rate can be controlled more precisely by rotating the ball. By optimizing the profile, a linear flow characteristic can be approached.
球閥手柄
Ball valve handle
手柄與閥桿相連，能夠?qū)㈤y門(mén)從打開(kāi)位置或關(guān)閉位置（90 度）轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。如果安裝正確，當(dāng)手柄與管道平行時(shí)，閥門(mén)將打開(kāi)，當(dāng)手柄與管道垂直時(shí)，閥門(mén)將關(guān)閉。注意手柄方向?qū)τ谥庇^地了解球閥是打開(kāi)還是關(guān)閉非常重要。還有其他球閥手柄類(lèi)型，如可鎖定手柄或球閥手輪。它們的操作方式與名稱(chēng)所示一致。如果有更大的球閥或需要額外的扭矩來(lái)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉閥門(mén)，則可能需要球閥手柄延長(zhǎng)器。如果手柄斷裂、放置錯(cuò)誤或正在將自動(dòng)球閥轉(zhuǎn)換為手動(dòng)球閥，可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)球閥替換手柄。
The handle is connected to the valve stem and is capable of turning the valve from the open or closed position (90 degrees). If installed correctly, the valve will be open when the handle is parallel to the pipe and closed when the handle is perpendicular to the pipe. Taking note of the handle direction is important to visually know if the ball valve is open or closed. There are additional ball valve handle types, like lockable handles or ball valve handwheels. These operate as their names suggest. If you have a bigger ball valve or need additional torque to open or close the valve, a ball valve handle extension may be required. If your handle breaks, is miss-placed or you are converting an automatic ball valve to a manual one, you can buy ball valve replacement handles.
通風(fēng)球閥
Vented ball valves
通風(fēng)球閥的設(shè)計(jì)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2 通球閥幾乎相同。主要區(qū)別在于，出口在關(guān)閉位置時(shí)會(huì)向環(huán)境通風(fēng)。這是通過(guò)在球和閥體上鉆一個(gè)小孔來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)閥門(mén)關(guān)閉時(shí)，這些孔與出口對(duì)齊并釋放壓力。這在壓縮空氣系統(tǒng)中尤其有用，因?yàn)闇p壓可以提供更安全的工作環(huán)境。直觀上看，這些閥門(mén)看起來(lái)像 2 通球閥，但實(shí)際上，由于用于通風(fēng)的小鉆孔，它們是 3/2 通的。
Vented ball valves look almost the same as the standard 2-way ball valves when it comes to their design. The main difference is that the outlet port vents to the environment in the closed position. This is achieved by a small hole that is drilled in the ball and in the valve body. When the valve closes, the holes line up with the outlet port and release the pressure. This is especially useful in compressed air systems where depressurization provides a safer working environment. Intuitively these valves look like 2-way ball valves while in fact, they are 3/2-way due to the small borehole for venting.
自動(dòng)球閥
Automatic ball valves
氣動(dòng)球閥（左）、電動(dòng)球閥（中）、ISO-頂部球閥（右）
Pneumatic ball valve (left), electric ball valve (middle), ISO-top ball valve (right)
有些閥門(mén)可以安裝電動(dòng)或氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行器，而不是手動(dòng)操作來(lái)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉閥門(mén)。它們直接連接到閥桿，能夠?qū)⑵湫D(zhuǎn)四分之一圈。閥門(mén)和執(zhí)行器之間最常見(jiàn)的法蘭連接是 ISO 5211 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。上圖顯示了準(zhǔn)備連接到執(zhí)行器的 ISO 5211 頂部的示例。通過(guò)使用執(zhí)行器，可以遠(yuǎn)程或通過(guò)控制器控制球閥，以便將其用作自動(dòng)關(guān)閉裝置。彈簧驅(qū)動(dòng)球閥，也稱(chēng)為彈簧加載閥或彈簧回位球閥，使用彈簧在斷電情況下打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉閥門(mén)，然后使用執(zhí)行器將球閥保持在開(kāi)/關(guān)位置。它們用于節(jié)能應(yīng)用或出于故障安全原因。
Instead of a manual handle operation to turn the valve on or off, some valves can be fitted with an electric or pneumatic actuator. They connect directly to the valve stem and are capable of turning it a quarter turn. The most common flange connection between the valve and actuator is the ISO 5211 standard. Figure 4 shows an example of an ISO 5211 top ready to be connected to an actuator. By using an actuator, you can control your ball valve remotely or through a controller so that it can be used as an automatic shut-off. A spring-actuated ball valve, also called a spring-loaded valve or a spring return ball valve, uses a spring to open/close the valve in a power-off scenario and an actuator to then hold the ball valve in the on/off position. These are used for energy conservation applications or for fail-safe reasons.
控制電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器有多種不同的方法：
? 2 點(diǎn)控制（也稱(chēng)為開(kāi)-關(guān)或開(kāi)-關(guān)電路）除了電源線(xiàn)外還使用一根控制線(xiàn)。一旦控制線(xiàn)通電，閥門(mén)就會(huì)電動(dòng)打開(kāi)。如果控制線(xiàn)斷電，閥門(mén)就會(huì)關(guān)閉（電動(dòng)或通過(guò)彈簧關(guān)閉）。
? 3 點(diǎn)控制使用兩根控制線(xiàn)：一根用于逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)球，一根用于順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)球。根據(jù)應(yīng)用情況，可以選擇最合適的控制。
某些電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器還可以提供調(diào)節(jié)控制，將球閥定位在 0-100％ 的開(kāi)/關(guān)之間。
There are several different ways to control an electric actuator:
? A 2-point control (also called an Open-Close or On-Off circuit) uses one control wire in addition to the power wires. Once the control wire is energized, the valve opens electrically. If the control wire is unpowered, the valve closes (electrically or by means of a spring).
? A 3-point control uses two control wires: one for rotating the ball counterclockwise, and one for rotating the ball clockwise. Depending on the application, the most appropriate control can be chosen.
Certain electric actuators can also provide modulation control, which will position the ball valve between 0-100% open/closed.
球閥外殼材料
Ball valve housing materials
最常見(jiàn)的外殼材料是黃銅、不銹鋼和 PVC（聚氯乙烯）。球通常由鍍鉻鋼、鍍鉻黃銅、不銹鋼或 PVC 制成。閥座通常由特氟龍制成，但也可以由其他合成材料或金屬制成。
The most common housing materials are brass, stainless steel and PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride). The ball is usually made of chrome plated steel, chrome plated brass, stainless steel or PVC. The seats are often made of Teflon, but could also be made of other synthetic materials or metals.
黃銅球閥
Brass ball valve
黃銅的球閥最常見(jiàn)。黃銅是銅和鋅的合金，具有良好的機(jī)械性能。黃銅閥門(mén)用于（飲用）水、天然氣、油、空氣和許多其他介質(zhì)。氯化物溶液（例如海水）或去離子水可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致脫鋅。脫鋅是一種腐蝕形式，其中鋅從合金中去除。這會(huì)產(chǎn)生多孔結(jié)構(gòu)，機(jī)械強(qiáng)度大大降低。黃銅外殼是空氣球閥或管道球閥的理想選擇。
Brass has the largest market share. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and has good mechanical properties. Brass valves are used for (drinking) water, gas, oil, air and many other media. Chloride solutions (e.g. seawater) or demineralized water may cause dezincification. Dezincification is a form of corrosion in which zinc is removed from the alloy. This creates a porous structure with a greatly decreased mechanical strength. A brass housing is ideal for an air ball valve or a ball valve for plumbing.
不銹鋼球閥
Stainless steel ball valve
不銹鋼用于腐蝕性介質(zhì)和腐蝕性環(huán)境。因此，它們經(jīng)常用于海水、游泳池、滲透裝置、高溫和許多化學(xué)品中。大多數(shù)不銹鋼是奧氏體。304 和 316 型是最常見(jiàn)的，316 具有最好的耐腐蝕性。304 有時(shí)被稱(chēng)為 18/8，因?yàn)楹?18% 的鉻和 8% 的鎳。316 含有 18% 的鉻和 10% 的鎳（18/10）。不銹鋼閥門(mén)通常需要比黃銅或 PVC 閥門(mén)更高的操作扭矩。當(dāng)不銹鋼閥門(mén)由電動(dòng)或氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行器操作時(shí)，必須考慮到這一點(diǎn)。
Stainless steel is used for corrosive media and aggressive environments (Figure 6). They are therefore often used in seawater, swimming pools, osmosis installations, with high temperatures, and many chemicals. Most stainless steel is austenitic. Type 304 and 316 are the most common, 316 has the best corrosion resistance. 304 is sometimes referred to as 18/8 because of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 316 has 18% chromium and 10% nickel (18/10). Stainless steel valves usually require a higher operating torque than for example brass or PVC valves. This must be taken into account when a stainless steel valve is operated by an electric or pneumatic actuator.
PVC 球閥
PVC ball valve
PVC 通常價(jià)格較低（ISO 頂閥除外），廣泛應(yīng)用于灌溉、供水和排水或腐蝕性介質(zhì)。PVC 代表聚氯乙烯。PVC 可耐受大多數(shù)鹽溶液、酸、堿和有機(jī)溶劑。PVC 不適用于高于 60°C 的溫度，也不耐受芳香烴和氯化烴。PVC 不如黃銅或不銹鋼堅(jiān)固，因此 PVC 球閥的壓力等級(jí)較低。
PVC often has a lower price (except for ISO-top valves) and is widely used in irrigation, water supply and drainage or corrosive media (Figure 7). PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. PVC is resistant to most salt solutions, acids, bases, and organic solvents. PVC is not suitable for temperatures higher than 60 °C, and is also not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. PVC is not as strong as brass or stainless steel, therefore PVC ball valves have lower pressure rating.
黃銅、不銹鋼和 PVC 球閥
Brass vs stainless steel vs PVC ball valve
密封件和 O 形圈
Seals and o-rings
大多數(shù)閥座由 PTFE（特氟?。┲瞥?。PTFE 代表聚四氟乙烯。這種材料具有非常好的耐化學(xué)性和高熔點(diǎn)（~327 °C）。除此之外，摩擦系數(shù)極低。PTFE 的一個(gè)小缺點(diǎn)是材料會(huì)蠕變，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致密封性隨時(shí)間推移而惡化。除此之外，PTFE 的熱膨脹系數(shù)相當(dāng)高。解決此問(wèn)題的方法是使用彈簧對(duì)特氟隆密封件施加恒定壓力，例如杯形彈簧。其他常用的密封材料是 PTFE 和聚酰胺（尼龍）。閥座材料越硬，保持正確密封就越困難。對(duì)于某些無(wú)法使用軟材料的應(yīng)用，例如在非常高的溫度下，使用金屬或陶瓷閥座。
Most valve seats are made of PTFE (Teflon). PTFE stands for PolyTetraFluorEthylene. This material has a very good chemical resistance and a high melting point (~327 °C). Besides that, the friction coefficient is extremely low. A small disadvantage of PTFE is that the material shows creep, which can cause a deterioration of the sealing over time. Besides that, PTFE has a rather high thermal expansion coefficient. A solution for this problem is to use a spring in order to apply constant pressure on the Teflon seal, like for example a cup spring. Other popular sealing materials are PTFE and Polyamide (Nylon). The harder the material of the valve seat is, the more difficult it is to maintain proper sealing. For some applications in which soft materials are not possible to use, for example with very high temperatures, metal or ceramic valve seats are used.
高壓球閥
High-pressure ball valves
顧名思義，高壓球閥在高流體壓力下工作，大約 500-700 巴。當(dāng)閥門(mén)尺寸變大時(shí)，它可以處理的壓力會(huì)降低，反之亦然。這些閥門(mén)非常耐用，用于具有相同壓力負(fù)載的管道系統(tǒng)中。手動(dòng)高壓球閥可以通過(guò)將杠桿旋轉(zhuǎn) 90 度來(lái)操作。電動(dòng)高壓球閥通過(guò)電信號(hào)模擬其操作。閥門(mén)的構(gòu)造采用碳鋼和不銹鋼 316 等材料。應(yīng)使用雙層或其他高彈性材料來(lái)構(gòu)造閥門(mén)部件，如閥桿、球和閥座環(huán)。這有助于承受閥門(mén)的高壓額定值和執(zhí)行器的最大允許閥桿扭矩。
高壓球閥有以下幾種連接類(lèi)型：
? 英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管平行 (BSPP) 螺紋
? 國(guó)家管螺紋 (NPT) 螺紋
? 壓縮型 (DIN 2353/ISO 8434-1)
? 焊接端
高壓球閥用于那些需要大量?jī)?chǔ)存流體并根據(jù)要求使用的行業(yè)，如水上樂(lè)園、供水廠(chǎng)和化學(xué)工業(yè)。
As the name suggests, a high-pressure ball valve works under high fluid pressure, approximately 500-700 bars. When the valve size gets bigger, it reduces the pressure it can handle, and vice versa. These valves are highly durable and used in piping systems with connections at the same pressure load. Manual-type high-pressure ball valves can be operated by turning the lever 90 degrees. Motorized high-pressure ball valves are simulated through an electric signal for their operation. Materials like carbon steel and stainless steel 316 are used for the valve’s construction. Duplex or other highly resilient materials should be used to construct valve parts like stem, ball, and seat rings. This helps withstand the valve’s high-pressure ratings and the actuator's maximum allowable stem torque.
High-pressure ball valves are available in the following connection types:
? British standard pipe parallel (BSPP) threaded
? National pipe thread (NPT) threaded
? Compression type (DIN 2353/ISO 8434-1)
? Welding end
High-pressure ball valves are used in those sectors where the fluid is stored in large quantities and used according to their requirements, like water parks, water distribution plants, and chemical industries.
液壓球閥
Hydraulic ball valves
液壓球閥專(zhuān)為液壓和加熱系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，因?yàn)樗鼈兙哂懈吖ぷ鲏毫Φ燃?jí)和耐液壓油和加熱油性。這些閥門(mén)由鋼或不銹鋼制成。除了這些材料外，閥座也使液壓閥適用于高工作壓力。這些閥門(mén)的閥座由聚甲醛 (POM) 制成，適用于高壓和低溫應(yīng)用。液壓球閥的最大工作壓力超過(guò) 500 bar，最高溫度可達(dá) 80 °C。
Hydraulic ball valves are specially designed for hydraulic and heating systems due to their high operating pressure rating and hydraulic and heating oil resistance. These valves are made of either steel or stainless steel. Besides these materials, the seats also make hydraulic valves suitable for high operating pressure. The seats of these valves are made of polyoxymethylene (POM), which is suitable for high-pressure and low-temperature applications. The maximum operating pressure of hydraulic ball valves goes above 500 bar while the maximum temperature goes up to 80 °C.
球閥連接類(lèi)型
Ball valve connection types
球閥可以通過(guò)多種方式連接到管道，使其適用于各種應(yīng)用。以下是其常見(jiàn)的連接類(lèi)型：
? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（螺紋）：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)球閥由殼體、閥座、球和用于球旋轉(zhuǎn)的杠桿組成。它們包括具有兩個(gè)、三個(gè)和四個(gè)端口的閥門(mén)，這些端口可以是內(nèi)螺紋或外螺紋或兩者的組合。
? 法蘭：端口通過(guò)法蘭連接到管道系統(tǒng)，法蘭通常按照特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)。這些閥門(mén)提供高流量，因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔ＞哂腥自O(shè)計(jì)。
Ball valves can be connected to pipes in several ways, making them versatile for various applications. These are their common connection types:
? Standard (threaded): Standard ball valves consist of the housing, seats, ball and lever for ball rotation. They include valves with two, three, and four ports which can be female or male threaded or a combination of those.
? Flanged: The ports are connected to a piping system via flanges that are usually designed in accordance with a certain standard. These valves provide a high flow rate since they typically have a full-bore design.
認(rèn)證
Approvals
對(duì)于某些應(yīng)用，需要或必須獲得認(rèn)證。飲用水和天然氣是最常見(jiàn)的。選擇經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)證的球閥，可確保產(chǎn)品滿(mǎn)足重要的安全要求。
For certain applications, approvals are desired or required. Drinking water and gas are the most common. Choosing a certified ball valve, assures that the product meets important safety requirements.
飲用水
Drinking water
這些球閥適用于飲用水應(yīng)用，并已獲得 WRAS、KIWA 或 DVGW 認(rèn)證。如果與儲(chǔ)水箱一起使用，它們通常與浮動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)配合使用以監(jiān)測(cè)水位。此外，水球閥關(guān)閉功能可確保在必要時(shí)快速安全地停止水流。
These ball valves are suitable for drinking water applications and have a WRAS, KIWA or DVGW approval. If being used with a water holding tank, they often work in connection with a float switch to monitor water level. Additionally, the water ball valve shut off feature ensures a quick and secure means to stop water flow when necessary.
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Gas
這些球閥已獲準(zhǔn)用于燃?xì)庠O(shè)備。
These ball valves are approved for gas appliances.
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